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| Information we'll take a closer look at disorders and derangement here, even a little bit of neurology and genetics too. let's begin. a mental illness is defined by the medical profession as a disorder of the brain that results in a disruption in a person's thinking, feeling, moods, and ability to relate to others and to work. mental illness is distinct from the legal concepts of sanity and insanity. mental health, mental hygiene, behavioral health, and mental wellness are all terms used to describe the state or absence of mental illness. most psychologists attribute mental illness to organic/neurochemical causes that can be treated with psychiatric medication, psychotherapy, lifestyle adjustments and other supportive measures; however, many of the causes of mental illness are still unknown. the battle between "nature" and "nurture" goes on as it has for years. neuroscience and genetics are still unable to fully explain the effects of genetic inheritance and developmental environment. advocacy organizations have been trying to change the common perception of psychiatric disorders, which are frequently seen as signs of personal weakness and something to be ashamed of. advocacy organizations instead liken psychiatric disorders to physical diseases such as measles. sociopathy sociopathy is the lack of guilt in the personality, it
is unnoticable to all but professionals, and desctructive to most unaware.
sociopathy is usually a trait found in those who feel guiltless when performing wrongfull acts such as theft, abuse, neglect, traiting and even murder. psychoses psychosis is a generic psychiatric term for mental states in which the components of rational thought and perception are severely impaired. persons experiencing a psychosis may experience hallucinations, hold delusional beliefs (e.g. paranoid delusions), demonstrate personality changes and exhibit disorganized thinking (see thought disorder). this is often accompanied by lack of insight into the unusual or bizarre nature of such behavior, difficulties with social interaction and impairments in carrying out the activities of daily living. a psychotic episode is often described as involving a "loss of contact with reality". (often referred to as a seizure disorder) is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. The condition is named from the Greek epilepsia ("a taking hold of or seizing"). It is commonly controlled with medication, although surgical methods are used as well. clynical depression a state of debilitating sadness or melancholy. the definition applies when an individual's mood and other criteria are judged by the clinician to meet the definition as laid down in dsm-iv-tr or icd10. although nearly any mood with some element of sadness may colloquially be termed a depression, clinical depression is more than just a temporary state of sadness. symptoms lasting two weeks or longer in duration, and of a severity that they begin to interfere with daily living, can generally be said to constitute clinical depression. using dsm-iv-tr terminology, someone with a major depressive disorder can, by definition, be said to be suffering from clinical depression. clinical depression affects about 16%[1] of the population on at least one occasion in their lives. the main age of onset, from a number of studies, is in the late 20's. about 2 times as many females as males report or receive treatment for clinical depression, though this imbalance is shrinking over the course of recent history; this difference seems to completely disappear after the age of 50 - 55, when most females have passed the end of menopause. clinical depression is currently the leading cause of disability in the u.s. as well as other countries, and is expected to become the second leading cause of disability worldwide (after heart disease) by the year 2020, according to the world health organization. bipolar disorder bipolar disorder, also sometimes called manic-depressive disorder, is a mood disorder in which a person experiences episodes of mania without other etiologies to rule out the diagnosis of bipolar disorder. also, possible, and more commonly known, is to have extreme shifts in mood between depression and manic euphoria. these "cycles" which vary in speed, can sometimes affect the victim's levels of motivation, energy, and functioning, can be disabling. the dsm lists two main types of bipolar disorder (recognized clinically as bipolar I and bipolar II), the former of which features more marked mania, along with possible diagnoses of a "single non-recurring manic episode" which may not be called "bipolar disorder". treatment of disabling bipolar disorder is with mood stabilizers, prominently lithium salts or some anticonvulsants. mania mania is a medical condition characterised by severely elevated mood. mania is most usually associated with bipolar disorder, where episodes of mania may cyclically alternate with episodes of depression. (note: not all mania can be classified as bipolar disorder, as mania may result from other diseases or causes. however, bipolar disorder is the "classic" manic disease.) schizophrenia schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterized by persistent defects in the perception or expression of reality. aperson experiencing untreated schizophrenia typically demonstrates grossly disorganized thinking, and may also experience delusions or auditory hallucinations. although the illness primarily affects cognition, it can also contribute to chronic problems with behavior or emotions. due to the many possible combinations of symptoms, it is difficult to say whether it is in fact a single psychiatric disorder; and eugen bleuler deliberately called the disease "the schizophrenias," (plural) when he coined the present name.
neurology neurology is a branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system and its disorders. physicians specializing in the field of neurology are called neurologists. surgery on the nervous system is performed by physicians with specialized training - neurosurgeons, and in some cases, interventional neuroradiologists. psychology phychology is an academic and applied field involving the study of mind and behavior. "psychology" also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness. psychology differs from sociology, anthropology, economics, and political science in part because it involves studying the mental processes and behavior of individuals (alone or in groups) rather than the behavior of the groups or aggregates themselves. psychology differs from biology and neuroscience in that it is primarily concerned with the interaction of mental processes and behavior and of the overall processes of a system, and not simply the biological or neural processes themselves. although psychological questions were asked in antiquity, psychology emerged as a separate discipline only recently. the first person to call himself a "psychologist", wilhelm wundt, opened the first psychological laboratory in 1879. psychiatry psychiatry is the branch of medicine that studies, diagnoses and treats mental illness and behavioral disorders. while all physicians will encounter patients with mental illnesses and any of them may treat it, psychiatrists specialize in these areas. they are more extensively trained in the differential diagnosis (the distinguishing of various forms) and treatment of mental illness and are required to keep up to date on the newest developments in the field of mental illness. psychologists, nurse practitioners and social workers may also provide mental healthcare, though of these none may prescribe medication in the u.k. and only nurse practitioners may prescribe medication in the united states. |
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